Spacecrafts - Satellites

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1..Galileo FOC - Galileo FOC is Europe's own global navigation satellite system, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control. It will be inter-operable with GPS and GLONASS, the two other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems).
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2..GPS III - The next generation of GPS satellites, which will be used to keep the Navstar Global Positioning System operational.
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3..Jason 3 - Jason-3 is the fourth mission in U.S.-European series of satellite missions that measure the height of the ocean surface.
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4..LISA Pathfinder - a technology demonstration mission for LISA, a kind of physics research laboratory in space, with the objective to test and verify the key technologies needed for highly accurate formation flying and precise measurement of the separation (metrology) between two very distant spacecraft.
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5..MAVEN - Space probe developed by NASA designed to study the Martian atmosphere while orbiting Mars. Mission goals include determining how the planet's atmosphere and water, presumed to have once been substantial, were lost over time.
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6..OCO-2 - Used to study carbon dioxide concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere.
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7..ORS-1 - American reconnaissance satellite and it is the first operational satellite of the Operationally Responsive Space Office. It provides orbital space imagery of Southwest Asia and to enhance battlespace awareness to operational field commanders.
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8..Pleiades - Composed of two very-high-resolution optical Earth-imaging satellites from CNES (Space Agency of France). They provide high-resolution of the coverage of Earth's surface.
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9..SkySat - commercial high-resolution Earth observation satellite, ued to obtain high-definition video and analytics services for Terra Bella, a Google subsidiary program.
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10..SMAP -(Soil Moisture Active Passive), Environmental research satellite. It is one of the first Earth observation satellites developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council's Decadal Survey. provide measurements of the land surface soil moisture and freeze-thaw state with near-global revisit coverage in 2-3 days.
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11..StarDust - robotic space probe launched by NASA on February 7, 1999. Its primary mission was to collect dust samples from the coma of comet Wild 2, as well as samples of cosmic dust, and return these to Earth for analysis. It was the first sample return mission of its kind.
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NOTE: This is a partially designed model, original design by NASA. The original design lacks many details, color and accuracy. More detail parts, backsides of the solar panels, and other parts were added; Also added color and foil texture to make it a better and more complete model. The original model can be downloaded Here.
12..THEMIS - (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) A constellation of five NASA satellites to study energy releases from Earth's magnetosphere known as substorms, magnetic phenomena that intensify auroras near Earth's poles.
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13..Uhuru Satellite - The first satellite launched specifically for the purpose of X-ray astronomy, launched on December 12, 1970.
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14..SkySat-3 - Next version of the SkySat Imaging Satellite.
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15..Nimbus-1 Satellite- The first of the Nimbus weather satellite series. Nimbus is the granddaddy of the current Earth-observing fleet. When you look at all the incredible science we are doing from Earth orbit right now, you can trace it back to Nimbus. These satellites revolutionized weather forecasting to accomplish accurate long-term forecasts and demonstrated location and related search-and-rescue technology. They provided some of the first consistent global measurements of Earth, such as sea measurements, oceanic plant life and the ozone layer.
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16..Nimbus-7 Satellite- Last of the Nimbus satellite series.
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17..HALCA-(Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy). The first 8-mRasio Telescope in space. When working jointly with with ground stations (Earth based radio telescopes) to form unprecedented baselines that could be twice as long as the Earth's diameter. This created the largest virtual radio telescope ever made (The larget astronomical instrument ever built). It's resolving power with Earth radio telescopes is equivalent to being able to read a newspaper headline in Tokyo all the way from Los Angeles.
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18..CYGNSS- (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System). A constellation of 8 Micro-Satellites which will allow us to better understand how and why winds in hurricanes intensify far more acurrately than before using GPS signals.
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19..Jilin-1 Optic A- China's first self-developed high resolution Earth observation optical imaging satellite for commercial use.
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20..Ariel 1- Also known as UK-1, was the first British satellite. Launched in April 26, 1962 and made the UK the third country to operate a satellite after the Soviet Union (Sputnik) and the U.S. (Explorer 1). Since it was launched by the U.S, It's also the world's first internationally conceived and executed satellite.
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21..Ariel 2- Also known as UK-2, was a British satellite radio astronomy satellite. Launched in the U.S. on March 27, 1964, and became the first satellite to be used for radio astronomy.
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22..OSIRIS-REx- (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security - Regolith Explorer) asteroid sample return mission. Launched on September 8, 2016. The first U.S. mission to collect a sample of an asteroid and return it to Earth for study. Analyzing the sample will help scientists understand the early solar system.
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23..Dong Fang Hong I - China's first satellite, was launched into orbit on April 24, 1970 and remains in orbit as of 24 January 2015.
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24..Ohsumi- First Japanese satellite put into orbit, launched on February 11, 1970.
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25..GOES-R (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series) - is a new tool that will revolutionize weather forecasting. It is the first in a series of next-generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites for NOAA -- the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. GOES-R will significantly improve the detection and observation of environmental phenomena that directly affect public safety, protection of property and our nation's economic health and prosperity. Launched into orbit on November 19, 2016.
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26..WorldView 4 - Third generation commercial Earth observation satellite launched on November 11, 2016. The spacecraft is operated by DigitalGlobe.
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27..Telstar 1 - Developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories for AT&T, Telstar was the world's first active communications satellite and the world's first commercial payload in space. It successfully relayed through space the first television pictures, telephone calls, and fax images, and provided the first live transatlantic television feed. launched on top of a Thor-Delta rocket on July 10, 1962.
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28..IBEX - Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) is a NASA satellite that is making a map of the boundary between the Solar System and interstellar space. The mission is part of NASA's Small Explorer program and was launched with a Pegasus-XL rocket on October 19, 2008. It is the first spacecraft designed to collect data across the entire sky about the heliosphere and its boundary. Scientists have used this data to make the first maps of our heliosphere boundary.
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29..Intelsat I (International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium) - nicknamed 'Early Bird', was the first commercial communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit, on April 6, 1965. It helped provide the first live TV coverage of the Gemini 6 splashdown in December 1965. Early Bird was in active service for four years, being deactivated in January 1969, although it was briefly activated in June of that year to serve the Apollo 11 flight when the Atlantic Intelsat satellite failed.It was deactivated again in August 1969. The Early Bird satellite was the first to provide direct and nearly instantaneous contact between Europe and North America, handling television, telephone, and telefacsimile transmissions.
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30..SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) - ESA's SMOS is the first satellite designed to both map sea surface salinity and monitor soil moisture on a global scale, thus contributing to a better understanding of the Earth's water cycle.SMOS also provide observations over snow and ice-covered regions, contributing to the study of the cryosphere.
SMOS was Launched on November 22, 2009 from from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia onboard the ROCKOT launch vehicle.
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31..COS-B - the first satellite to be launched under the banner of the newly created European Space Agency, on August 9, 1975.It was the first European mission to study gamma-ray sources and to be dedicated to a single experiment.
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32..EO-1- EO-1 has been one of the most trouble-free spacecraft that NASA has launched. It validated a number of instrument and spacecraft bus breakthrough technologies designed to enable the development of future earth imaging observatories that will have a significant increase in performance while also having reduced cost and mass. EO-1 was the first to map active lava flows from space, the first to measure a facility's methane leak from space and the first to track re-growth in a partially logged Amazon forest from space.launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on November 21, 2000.
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33..ESRO-1 (European Space Research Organisation)- Is a series of two scientific satellites (ESRO 1A / Aurorae and ESRO 1B /Boreas) developed by the ESRO (ESRO) one of the two European space agencies that preceded ESA . The purpose of these satellites was to study the effects of solar activity on the aural zones . Two satellites of very simple design carrying the in situ analysis of the particles were launched successively in 1968 and 1969 by American rockets Scout B.
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34..NICER (Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer)- The world's first mission devoted to studying Neutron Stars and pulsars. Using NICER, astrophysicists will be able to accurately observe the intense X-ray emissions that come from neutron stars. The X-rays from neutron stars do not penetrate Earth's atmosphere, so an instrument designed specifically to observe them from space will give us a better picture of these mysterious objects than ever before. NICER was launched on June 3, 2017, with SpaceX CRS-11 ISS resupply mission aboard a Falcon 9 rocket and is now installed aboard the International Space Station.
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35..Ofeq-1, Shavit-1- Ofeq-1 is Israel's first satellite and was placed into orbit on the Shavit-1 rocket's maiden flight in September 19, 1988, making Israel the eighth country to develop an indigenous orbital launch capability. Shavit (Hebrew for "comet") is a space launch vehicle produced by Israel from 1982 onwards. NOTE: This kit contains both the satellite and the launch vehicle.
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36..HISAKI-Epsilon-1- Also known as the Planet Spectroscopy Observatory for Atmospheric Interaction Recognition (SPRINT-A) is the world's first space telescope for remote observation of the planets such as Venus, Mars, and Jupiter from Earth's orbit. The satellite operated by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and was launched in September 2013 on the first Epsilon rocket (Epsilon-1) flight.
Epsilon-1 - The Epsilon is a low-cost launcher for small-sized loads - similar in concept to the European Vega rocket - created to replace the MV rocket, retired in 2006. It has been designed from the MV and H-IIA solid fuel rocket, currently in service. Its maiden flight took place on September 2013 carrying the HISAKI Satellite.
NOTE: This kit contains both the satellite and the launch vehicle.
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37..Astro-H (Hitomi) - was an X-ray astronomy satellite commissioned by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for studying extremely energetic processes in the Universe.
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38..IKONOS - Commercial Earth observation satellite, and was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution.
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39..Van Allen Probes - are twin spacecraft designed to fly and operate in the heart of the most hazardous regions of near-Earth space and collect crucial data that will let researchers finally begin to unlock the mysteries of the Van Allen radiation belts.
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40..GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) Core Satellite - An international satellite mission - NASA and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) - to provide next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours. Launched on February 27th, 2014, it carries advanced instruments that set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space.
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41..Cosmic-2 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) - is an international collaboration between Taiwan (NSPO) and the United States (NOAA) that will use a constellation of twelve remote sensing microsatellites to collect atmospheric data for weather prediction and for ionosphere, climate and gravity research. It is a follow up mission to the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission.
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42..DubaiSat-1- The UAE's (United Arab Emirates) first government satellite. DubaiSat-1 is a remote sensing Earth observation satellite built by the Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST) to start the first Earth observation satellite program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The satellite was designed and developed by Satrec Initiative a pioneer satellite manufacturing company in South Korea, with a strong participation from EIAST engineers. DubaiSat-1 was launched into space on July 29, 2009 from the launch pad/base in Baikonour in Kazakhstan under the supervision of UAE engineers and scientists, who are responsible for more than a third of the project's implementation.The DubaiSat-1 mission has come to the end on March 2017.
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43..GOES-S- The GOES-S satellite is the second of four upgraded weather observatories built by Lockheed Martin for NOAA.Like GOES-16, launched in November 2016 and operating in the GOES-East position, GOES-S (GOES-17) will operate in the GOES-WEST position, will scan the Earth five times faster at four times the image resolution with triple the number of channels for more accurate, reliable forecasts and severe weather outlooks.
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44..TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) - A NASA Explorer mission to study exoplanets, or planets orbiting stars outside our solar system. TESS will discover thousands of exoplanets in orbit around the brightest stars in the sky. It will monitor more than 200,000 stars. It is the first-ever spaceborne all-sky transit survey that will identify a wide range of planets, from Earth-sized to gas giants. The mission will find exoplanet candidates for follow-up observation from missions like the James Webb Space Telescope, which will determine whether these candidates could support life. TESS was launched on April 18, 2018 on board a SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket.
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45..Giotto - Giotto was ESA's first deep space mission. The spacecraft flew by and studied Halley's Comet and in doing so became the first spacecraft to make close up observations of a comet. On 13 March 1986, the mission succeeded in approaching Halley's nucleus at a distance of 596 kilometers. It was also the first spacecraft to make a close flyby of two comets. Halley's comet and comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup and the first spacecraft to return from interplanetary space and perform an Earth swing by. launched on an Ariane 1 rocket (flight V14) on July 2, 1985.
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46..Yutu-1 (Jade Rabbit-1) rover - Yutu ("Jade Rabbit") was a robotic lunar rover that is part of the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission to the Moon. It was launched on December 1, 2013, and reached the Moon's surface on 14 December 2013. The mission marks the first soft landing on the Moon since 1976 and the first rover to operate there since the Soviet Lunokhod 2 ceased operations on 11 May 1973. On October 2015, Yutu set the record for the longest operational period for a rover on the Moon (a total of 31 months).
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47..Yutu-2 (Jade Rabbit-2) rover - Yutu-2 (Jade Rabbit 2) made the first-ever soft landing on the Moon's far side on Jan. 3, 2019. NOTE: Difference between Yutu-1 and Yutu-2 is that Yutu-2 does not have a robotic arm.
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48..Helios 1 and 2 - are a pair of probes launched into heliocentric orbit for the purpose of studying solar processes. They were the first spaceprobes built outside both the United States and the Soviet Union to leave Earth orbit. Helios-A was launched on December 10, 1974, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex on the first operational flight of the Titan IIIE rocket. In late February 1975, the spacecraft came closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft. Helios-B was launched on January 10, 1976, by a Titan IIIE rocket. On April 17, 1976, Helios-B made its closest pass of the Sun at a record heliocentric speed of 70 kilometres per second (250,000 km/h; 160,000 mph) and came closer to the Sun than Helios 1.
NOTE: This kit contains both Helios 1 and 2.
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49..Mariner 4 - Mariner 4 was the fourth in a series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in a flyby mode and represented the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, returning the first pictures of the martian surface. These represented the first images of another planet ever returned from deep space. The photos shows a cratered, seemingly dead world, largely changed the scientific community's view of life on Mars. Mariner 4 also discovered that Mars has a very thin atmosphere. Launched on November 28, 1964.
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50..Mariner 10 - Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Mariner series and the first spacecraft to visit Mercury. It was also the first spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet (Venus) to reach another (Mercury), and the first spacecraft mission to visit two planets in one mission, also, Mariner 10 returned the first-ever close-up images of Venus and Mercury. Mariner 10 was launched by NASA on November 3, 1973.
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51..Luna-1 - First satellite to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to reach the vicinity of the moon. Luna 1 was launched at on January 2, 1959.
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52..Luna-2 - The first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, and the first man-made object to land on another celestial body. Luna-2 was launched on September 12, 1959.
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53..Explorer 6 - Commonly known as the "Paddlewheel" satellite. In 1959, took the first photographic image of Earth from orbit while passing over the Central Pacific Ocean. The black-and-white image shows a portion of the ocean and the cloud cover in the area.
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54..ADM-Aeolus (Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Aeolus) - Aeolus is the first-ever satellite to directly observe wind profiles fromspace. Named after Aeolus, who in Greek mythology was appointed 'keeper of the winds' by the Gods, this mission will not only provide the much needed data to improve the quality of weather forecasts, but will also contribute to long-term climate research. Aeolus was lifted off on a Vega rocket from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana on August 22, 2018.
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55..Parker Solar Probe - This is an historic mission that will revolutionize our understanding of the Sun, where changing conditions can propagate out into the solar system, affecting Earth and other worlds. Parker Solar Probe will be the first spacecraft to travel through the Sun's atmosphere (corona), closer to the surface than any spacecraft before it, facing brutal heat and radiation conditions and ultimately providing humanity with the closest-ever observations of a star. Launched on August 12, 2018.
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56..KhalifaSat - The first 100% Emirati-engineered and developed satellite, manufactured in the UAE at the MBRSC (Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre) in Dubai. KhalifaSat is one the most technologically advanced remote sensing observation satellites With five patents. Launched on October 29, 2018.
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57..MINERVA II-1A - After a three-and-a-half-year journey of 2 billion miles (launched in December 2014), a Japanese space probe (Hayabusa 2) dropped a pair of hopping, grapefruit-size rovers (MINERVA II-1A, MINERVA II-1B) on an asteroid called Ryugu and began beaming back snapshots from the surface and measure its temperature. The feat marked a trio of historic firsts: First soft landing on an asteroid, first deployment of rovers in a low-gravity setting, and first close-up look at the sort of celestial object that might have helped seed life on Earth billions of years ago. All this took place on September 21, 2018.
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58..MINERVA II-1B - MINERVA II-1A's almost twin rover.
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59..ATS-1 - The first Earth-observing satellite ever placed in geostationary orbit, provided the first full-disk image of Earth ever taken from geostationary orbit, provided the first image of Earth and Moon together and for the first time, scientists could see weather moving around an entire hemisphere while the satellite seemed to remain still, revolutionizing weather forecasting forever. Launched on December 6, 1966.
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60..ATS-3 - Took the first color images of the entire Earth from a geosynchronous orbit. Launched on November 5, 1967.
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61..Explorer 10 - made the first measurements of magnetic fields and solar plasmas outside the Earth's magnetosphere. The data gathered gave support to the theory that the magnetic field surrounding the Earth is closely tied to that of the Sun. launched in March 1961.
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62..GOES-1 - The first Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. It is the first in a long run of successful weather satellites into orbit more than 22,000 miles above the earth's surface.launched on October 16, 1975.
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63..Syncom 2-3 (synchronous communication satellite) - Syncom 2, launched in 1963, was the world's first geosynchronous communications satellite, it also relayed the first successful TV transmission through geosynchronous satellite. Syncom 3, launched in 1964, was the world's first geostationary satellite. The satellite provided the first live television coverage of the 1964 Olympic games in Tokyo, Japan. NOTE: this kit contains both satellites.
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64..NTS-2 (Navigation Technology Satellite) - The first ever GPS Navstar satellite. The successful launch of NTS-2 marked the beginning of a new era in navigation and time keeping history. NTS-2 was launched on June 23, 1977 as the first NAVSTAR GPS Phase I satellite.
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65..WRESAT with Sparta Launch vehicle - WRESAT (Weapons Research Establishment Satellite) was the first Australian satellite. WRESAT was launched on November 29, 1967 using a modified American Redstone rocket with two upper stages known as Sparta from the Woomera Test Range in South Australia. The Sparta (left over from the joint Australian-US-UK Sparta program), was donated by the United States. The launch made Australia the seventh nation to have an Earth satellite launched, and the third nation to launch one from its own territory, after the Soviet Union and the United States. NOTE: This kit contains both the satellite and launch vehicle.
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66..LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) - LRO is a NASA mission to the moon in preparation for future manned missions to the moon and beyond (Mars). Its detailed mapping program is identifying safe landing sites, locating potential resources on the Moon, characterizing the radiation environment, and demonstrating new technologies. LRO was Launched on June 18, 2009, in conjunction with the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS). LRO was the first United States mission to the Moon in over ten years.
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67..Pegasus Satellite - The Pegasus satellite program was a series of three American satellites launched in 1965 to study the frequency of micrometeorite impacts on spacecraft. All three Pegasus satellites were launched by Saturn I rockets, and remained connected with their upper stages. Pegasus 1 was launched atop a Saturn I rocket on February 16, 1965. Pegasus 2 on May 25, 1965, and Pegasus 3 on July 30, 1965.
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68..Beresheet Lunar lander - On Feb. 21, 2019, Israel's Beresheet lunar lander took off on a historic moon mission with the help of SpaceX. Israel's SpaceIL's original Beresheet lander got incredibly close to landing on the lunar surface on Thursday, April 11th, but it ultimately failed just moments before touchdown. If Beresheet had landed, it would have been a major historical moment for both Israel and the space industry. Israel would have become the fourth country to land a vehicle intact on the lunar surface. Still, the SpaceIL team came quite far and broke a few records along the way. Beresheet became the first privately funded vehicle to enter lunar orbit, and Israel is now the seventh country to put an object around the Moon.
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69..Echo 1 A - Project Echo was the world's first passive communications satellite experiment and NASA's first communications satellite.Essentially a large balloon, measuring 30 meters (100 feet) across, the satellite provided a reflective surface in space. Radio signals directed at Echo from one location on Earth "bounced" to another. Launched in 1960, it stayed in orbit for eight years, and was visible to the naked eye over the entire planet. Among Echo Its notable "firsts" have been: relay of President Eisenhower's tape-recorded voice from California to New Jersey; relay of the first transoceanic radar signal (from Trinidad, B.W.I.F., to Floyd, N.Y.); first relay of a trans-Atlantic wireless-code radio transmission; first relay of wire-photo transmissions; and first relay of a trans-Atlantic voice message. On August 12, 1965, Echo had traveled more than 1,060 million kilometres and circled the Earth more than 22,600 times. Echo-1 reentered Earth's atmosphere, burning up on May 24, 1968.
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70..HEOS 1 (Highly Eccentric Orbit Satellite) - Was the first European spacecraft to venture beyond near-Earth orbit, in order to study the magnetic fields, radiation and the solar wind outside of the Earth's magnetosphere. HEOS-1 performed admirably for seven years, for the first time providing scientists with continuous observations of interplanetary conditions over most of a solar cycle. Precise calibration of the magnetometer meant that these data have been used ever since as a fundamental reference. HEOS-1 was launched on December 5, 1968.
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71..Mariner 5 - Mariner 5 was actually built as a backup to Mariner 4, but after the success of the Mariner 4 mission, it was modified for the Venus mission by removing the TV camera, reversing and reducing the four solar panels, and adding extra thermal insulation. The project objectives were to pass within 2000 km of Venus to provide data on the structure of the planet's atmosphere and its radiation and magnetic field environment.Mariner 5 was launched on June 14, 1967 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 12 on Atlas vehicle 5401.
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72..Mariner 6 - 7 - Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 completed the first dual mission to Mars in 1969. Launched on Feb. 25, 1969 and March 27, 1969 respectively, they arrived at Mars just five days apart despite being launched a month apart. After a flight of 156 days from Earth, Mariner 6 flew within 2,132 miles of Mars on July 31, roughly twice as close as Mariner 4's flyby in 1965.
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73..Telstar 2 - Telstar II communications satellite included design changes aimed at protecting it from radiation damage which affected lifetime of its predecessor, Telstar I. Following the assassination of President Kennedy, on 22 November 1963, Telstar II brought live American television to the Soviet Union for the first time in the weekend of reporting on the assassination of President Kennedy and the mourning and funeral that followed. Telstar 2 was launched on May 7, 1963.
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74..Sprite chipsats - The Sprite is a tiny (3.5 by 3.5 centimeter) single-board spacecraft. It has a microcontroller, radio, and solar cells and is capable of carrying single-chip sensors, such as thermometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, and accelerometers. They are the world's smallest free-flying satellites that have orbited the Earth. The "mothership" (KickSat 2) launched in November to the ISS, where it sat for several months awaiting an opportunity to be deployed. That opportunity came on March 17, 2019: all 105 Sprites were sprung out into low Earth orbit, where they began communicating with each other and (just barely) to ground stations.
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75..International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) - was an astronomical observatory satellite primarily designed to take ultraviolet spectra. The satellite was a collaborative project between NASA, the UK Science Research Council and the European Space Agency (ESA). It was the first space observatory to be operated in real time by astronomers who visited the groundstations in the United States and Europe. Astronomers made over 104,000 observations using the IUE, of objects ranging from solar system bodies to distant quasars. At the time of switch-off (September 1996), IUE was the longest-lived and the most productive satellite in the history of space astronomy. After more than 18 years, IUE still worked 24 hours a day, harvesting new knowledge for astronomers. IUE was launched on January 26, 1978 aboard a NASA Delta rocket.
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76..Mariner 2 - was the first spacecraft to successfully encounter another planet. It flew past Venus at a distance of 35,000 kilometers (22,000 miles) on December 14, 1962, sending back data on the temperature distribution of the planet's surface and making basic measurements of Venus' atmosphere. The Mariner 2 spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral on August 27, 1962.
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77..MOST (Microvariability and Oscillation of Stars) Space Telescope - the first space telescope to be entirely designed and built in Canada. MOST is a small telescope dedicated entirely to asteroseismology, which is the study of star vibrations (pulsations). About the size and shape of a large suitcase,it is equipped with an ultra high precision telescope that measures only 15 centimetres in diameter (thus the nickname "humble space telescope"). MOST was launched into orbit on June 30 2003, and was finally decommissioned in March 2019. After 10 years in orbit several times farther from Earth than the ISS, it remains the world's smallest space telescope.
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78..Ranger 7 - Ranger 7 was the first space probe of the United States to successfully transmit close images of the lunar surface back to Earth. It was also the first completely successful flight of the Ranger program. Launched on July 28, 1964, Ranger 7 was designed to achieve a lunar-impact trajectory and to transmit high-resolution photographs of the lunar surface during the final minutes of flight up to impact. Many historians call the success of Ranger 7 a turning point in the American space program.
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79..Clementine - On January 25, 1994, the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (better known as Clementine) was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The spacecraft created the first global topographic map of the moon and represents a 1990s ethic of "faster, better, cheaper" space exploration. Only two years in development, the probe cost under $80 million, about one-fifth the cost of a traditional space probe mission. When scientists reviewed the data from Clementine, they made a major scientific discovery: the possible existence of ice within some of the moon's craters. This discovery was confirmed in early 1998 by NASA's Lunar Prospector. NOTE: This kit contains the regular and an easier version.
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80.. CHEOPS (The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite) - the first mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) dedicated to the study of exoplanets - lifted off from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana on December 18, 2019. It will observe bright stars hosting planets in the Earth- to Neptune-size range, measuring tiny brightness changes due to the planet?s transit across the star?s disk and yielding precise measurements of the planet sizes. Unlike previous exoplanet satellites, such as NASA?s Kepler and TESS missions, Cheops is not a discovery machine but rather a follow-up mission focusing on individual stars that are already known to host one or more planets.
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81.. GOCE ( Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) - was the first of ESA's Living Planet Programme satellites intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth's gravity field. Launched on 17 March 2009, GOCE mapped the deep structure of the Earth's mantle and probed hazardous volcanic regions. It brought new insight into ocean behaviour; this in particular, was a major driver for the mission. By combining the gravity data with information about sea surface height gathered by other satellite altimeters, scientists were able to track the direction and speed of geostrophic ocean currents.
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82.. Akatsuki - is a Japanese (JAXA) space probe tasked to study the atmosphere of Venus. It was launched aboard an H-IIA 202 rocket on 20 May 2010, and failed to enter orbit around Venus on 6 December 2010. After the craft orbited the Sun for five years, engineers successfully placed it into an alternative Venusian elliptic orbit on 7 December 2015. By using five different cameras working at several wavelengths, Akatsuki is studying the stratification of the atmosphere, atmospheric dynamics, and cloud physics. Astronomers working on the mission reported detecting a possible gravity wave (not to be confused with gravitational waves) in Venus' atmosphere in December 2015. By April 2018, Akatsuki finished its regular observation phase, and entered an extended operation phase. Extended operations are approved until the end of 2020.
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83.. Explorer 12 and 14 - Explorer XII was the first of a series of four spacecrafts designed to investigate the solar winds, interplanetary magnetic fields, distant regions of the Earth's magnetic field and energetic particles in interplanetary space and the Van Allen belts. Explorer XII was successfull launched on Agust 15, 1961. Explorer XIV was a follow-on to Explorer XII and was launched on Cotober 2, 1962.
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84.. Mars Express - European Space Agency (ESA) launched its first mission to Mars on June 2,2003 and entered Mars orbit on on December 25, 2003. Mars Express is so called because it was built more quickly than any other comparable planetary mission. Mars Express has given scientists an entirely new view of Earth's intriguing neighbour, and is still helping to answer fundamental questions about the geology, atmosphere, surface environment, history of water and potential for life on the Red Planet. An on-board 'webcam' captured 3D colour images of water ice and carbon dioxide ice in the planet's south polar region, which is probably the orbiter's most significant discovery. Mars Express is one of the oldest still-functioning missions to the Red Planet and is expected to last until 2020.
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