Sounding rockets take their name from the nautical term "to
sound," which means to take measurements. Since 1959,
NASA-sponsored space and earth science research has used
sounding rockets to test instruments used on satellites and
spacecraft and to provide information about the Sun, stars,
galaxies and Earth's atmosphere and radiation.
Sounding rockets carry experiments
to altitudes between 50 and 1,500 km and fly in nearly parabolic
trajectories re-entering the atmosphere downrange from the
launch site. Each flight lasts around 20 - 30 minutes.
Science missions focus on geospace research, solar physics,
astrophysics and atmospheric studies. Telescopes launched with sounding rockets are
used for planetary, solar and astrophysics studies.
New technologies for future satellite missions are tested with
sounding rockets, allowing scientists to verify functionality of
instruments prior to committing to a multiyear space mission.
Sounding rockets are used for carrying and releasing re-entry
test vehicles. The instrumented re-entry body transmits data on
dynamic pressure, orientation, velocity and other characteristics
of the flight. This research helps answer questions about landing
probes on other celestial bodies, such as Mars.
Learn more about sounding sockets
Here.